| 1. Introduction to additive manufacturing in the biomedical sector. |
• Historical evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) in the biomedical sector.
• Benefits of AM: time and cost reduction, weight lightening, ergonomic improvements, personalised medicine.
• Applications of AM to biomedical products: protheses, orthoses, pre-operative models and tooling.
• Ethical and legal aspects related to AM in the biomedical field.
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| 2. Numerical modelling and simulation in additive manufacturing. Biomedical sector. |
• Importance of numerical simulation.
• FEM calculation bases and topological optimisation.
• Preprocessing:
- Preparation of geometry for FEM.
- Boundary conditions and application of loads.
- Material models.
• Post-processing in modelling:
- Stress and strain analysis with focus on static testing.
- Structural analysis, failure criteria.
- Topological optimisation.
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| 3. Biomaterials for Additive Manufacturing |
• General characteristics of biomaterials. Classification.
• Ceramics: HA, tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Other calcium phosphates (CaPs). Bioglass. Ceramic composites.
• Metallics: Noble metals, Ti6Al4V, TiNi. 316L, Co-Cr, CoCrMo. Mg alloys. Metal matrix composites.
• Polymers: natural biopolymers. Synthetic biopolymers. Polymer-ceramic composites.
• Advanced biomaterials for AF.
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| 4. Additive manufacturing (AF) technologies applied to biomedical products. |
• Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
• Tank or vat light curing (SLA)
• Powder bed fusion (SLS)
• Binder injection (BJ)
• Localized energy deposition (DED)
• Electron beam melting (EBM)
• Multi-material manufacturing
• Bioprinting
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| 6. Design and manufacturing project |
• Study cases
• Initial design: particular conditioning factors. Topological optimization
• Initial printing tests: Influence of deposition parameters on properties.
• Manufacture of parts.
• Analysis of the results obtained. Lessons learned
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