Guia docente 2014_15 Facultade de Química

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
Principles of the thermodynamics in Chemistry.	First principle of the Thermodynamics. Internal energy. Enthalpy. Heat capacity. Thermochemistry. Second principle of the thermodynamics. Entropy. Molecular interpretation of the entropy. Third principle of the Thermodynamics. Calculation of the variations of entropy.
Thermodynamic functions	Equations of Gibbs. Relations of Maxwell. Calculation of variations of the functions of state. Open systems. Partial molar magnitudes. Chemical potential. Chemical potential of an ideal gas. Chemical potential in a mix of ideal gases. Chemical potential of the real gases. Fugacity.
Chemical equilibrium between gases.	Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Degree of advance. Constant of thermodynamic balance in reactions in gas phase. Influence of the temperature in the constant of balance. Factors that affect to the position of the equilibrium: principle of Le Châtelier.
Balance of phases in systems of a component.	Concepts of component, phase and degree of freedom. Conditions of balance between phases. Rule of the phases. Changes of phase of prime importance. Equations of Clapeyron and Clausius-*Clapeyron. Changes of phase of upper order.
Ideal solutions.	Partial molar volumes. Equation of Gibbs-Duhem. Ideal dissolution: Law of Raoult. Diagrams P-x and T-*x. Ideal dilute solution: Law of Henry. Colligative Properties.
Non ideal solutions.	Deviations of the law of Raoult. Activity and coefficient of activity. Coefficients of activity in the scales of molality and molarity. Electrolyte solutions. Theory of Debye-*Hückel.
Chemical equilibrium in solution.	Constant of thermodynamic equilibrium in reactions in solution. Acid-base equilibria. Product of solubility. Saline effects. Electrochemical systems. Galvanic and electrolytic cells. Measure of the electromotive strength of a galvanic cell. Equation of *Nernst. Potential of electrode.
Thermodynamics of surfaces.	Surfaces and interfaces. Superficial tension. Phenomena derived of the superficial tension. Adsorption. Physorption and Chemisorption Isotherms.