Design of cellular metabolism.
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Points of metabolic adaptation in glycolysis. Origin and phylogenetic distribution of the urea cycle. Adaptations of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Adaptation to the limited oxygen availability.
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Anaerobic metabolism of marine invertebrates. Anaerobic metabolism of marine vertebrates. Adaptation to hypoxia.
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Adaptation to temperature.
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Compensatory mechanisms from poikilotherm organisms to temperature changes. Acclimatization mechanisms to temperature. Adaptation to ice.
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