Guia docente 2015_16 Facultade de Química

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
Subject 1: Atomic structure	Structure of the hydrogenic atoms: atomic orbital, function of radial distribution, forms of the atomic orbital. Polyelectronic atoms: Penetration and shielding, effective nuclear charge, "aufbau". Atomic parameters: atomic, ionic, covalent and van der Waals radius. Lanthanide contraction. Electronegativity. Polarizability.
Subject 2: Chemical bonding	Theory of OM. Types of orbital: sigma, pi, delta. Diagram of energies for diatomic homo- and heteronuclear molecules. Bonding in alkenes and alkynes.
Subject 3: Nuclear chemistry	Nuclear reactions. Types of radioactive disintegration. Stability of nuclei. Kinetical of the radioactive disintegrations. Artificial transmutations. Nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion. Nuclear radiation: effects and units. Applications of the radioactivity.
Subject 4: Solid state	Structure of the simple solids. Sphere packing. Structure of the metals. Alloys. Metallic bonding. Semicondutors. Ionic solids. Energetic aspects.
Subject 5: Elements of the main groups	Elements of the main groups. Physical properties. Chemical properties. Natural resources. Some methods of significant obtaining.
Subject 6: Acid-base	Acid-base theories. Brönsted acids and bases: acid and base strength. Concept of pKa. Relationship between structure and acidity. Lewis acids and bases: Definition, examples. Fundamental types of Lewis acid-base reactions. Dissolvent as acids and bases. Hard and soft acids and bases: Classification, interpretation of the interactions between hard and soft acids and bases.
Subject 7: Electrochemical	Eº and Gibbs free energy. Nerst Equation. Concentration cells. Batteries. Fuell cells. Electrolysis. Commercial electrolytic processes. Corrosion.
Subject 8: Organic Compounds and functional groups	Structure and geometry. Approach and nomenclature of organic compounds. Physical properties.
Subject 9: Isomery	Geometrical isomery. Conformational stereoisomery. Configurational stereoisomery.
Subject 10: Polymers	Polymer types according to origin, composition, structure and behaviour in front of heat. Copolymerization. Mechanisms of polymerization. Molecular structure of the polymers. Biopolymers. Colloids and surfaces. Surface tension and surfactants.