Guia docente 2023_24
Escola de Enxeñaría Industrial
Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica
 Subjects
  Graphic engineering
   Contents
Topic Sub-topic
THEORICAL CONTENTS
1. Introduction to graphics in Engineering. 1.1. Types of graphics in Engineering. Fields of application. Graphics for the design, the visualisation and the communication. The graphic language.
1.2. Graphic systems. Types and structure of the graphic files. Information management. Hierarchies. Layers.
1.3. Models. Geometrical model. Information associativity.
2. Representation of standard parts and mechanical
components.
2.1. Standardization of values. Standard names.
2.2. Representation, dimensioning and standard names of elements: Springs, bearings and their accessories, pulleys. Graphic information in gear wheel drawings. Curves for gear teeth profiles.
2.3. Other forms for the transmission of movement.
2.4. Couplings
2.5. Symbolic representation of mechanisms.
2.6. Materials. Standard designations.
2.7. Criteria for the selection and use of standard elements.
3. Management of variability; functional consequences of tolerancies. Analysis and synthesis of tolerances. 3.1. Variability associated to Mechanical Engineering problems.
3.2. Macro- and micro-geometrical variability.
3.3. Size tolerances and fits. Specification.
3.4. Geometrical tolerances. Specification.
3.5. References and reference systems.
3.6. Surface finishes. Specification.
3.7. Statistical tolerances. Cost functions for tolerances.
3.8. Analysis and synthesis of tolerances.
3.9. Tolerance combination of tolerances: consequences of the tolerance cummulation on the assembly and operation of mechanisms.
4. Conception and representation of elementary mechanical forms. Dimensioning aimed to product function, manufacture and control.
4.1. Constructive forms for the design of casted, forged, shaped and deep-drawn parts.
4.2. Elementary mechanical functions.
4.3. Analysis of the operation conditions of mechanisms.
4.4. Functional dimensioning. Chains of dimensions.
4.5. Dimensioning oriented to the manufacturing process.
4.6. Dimensioning oriented to compliance control.
5. Geometrical product specifications (GPS). 5.1. The geometrical specification concept according to ISO.
5.2. Chains of standards. Links and characteristics.
5.3. Fundamental and global GPS standards.
5.4. General GPS standards matrices.
5.5. Complementary GPS standards matrices.
5.6. Specification operations.
5.7. Interpretation of geometrical specifications based on the operations needed to build them.
6. Fundamentals of computer graphics. 6.1. Basic geometrical transformations.
6.2. Grafication of lines: basic, digital differential or middle-point algorithms.
6.3. Approximating and interpolating polynomial curves: types and applications.
6.4. Geometrical Modeling. Structure of information in 2-D and 3-D CAD files. Entities and solid/surfaces/wire mesh/points models.
6.5. Graphic libraries.
6.6. Product-oriented CAD systems for mechanical design.
7. Representation of industrial constructions and
installations.
7.1. Symbolic representation of structures.
7.2. Detail drawings of metallic structures.
7.3. Representation and dimensioning of welded joints.
7.4. Drawings for metal-working.
7.5. Symbols and diagrams for oil-hydraulic and pneumatic circuits.
7.6. Symbols and diagrams for fluid conduction systems.
8. Diagrams, Nomograms and empirical equations. 8.1. Graphic constructions used in engineering.
8.2. Scales for graphic constructions.
8.3. Diagrams and Nomograms. Volumetric graphs.
8.4. Graphic representation of empirical equations.
8.5. Functions for data analysis.
9. CAD/CAE/CAM systems. Systems for data
acquisition from actual geometries. Rapid prototyping.
9.1. CAx systems.
9.2. CAD/CAM tools.
9.3. CAE tools in the context of Design Engineering.
9.4. Virtual reality: characteristics and devices. Applications in the Engineering field.
9.5. Digitalisation of forms. Reverse engineering projects.
9.6. Rapid prototyping systems.
9.7. Formats for exchanging information.
10. Introduction to Industrial Design. 10.1. Design. Types. Industrial Design: product, communication and corporate image.
10.2. Design methodologies.
10.3. Stages in the design process.
10.4. Creativity in the design process.
10.5. Assessment of design alternatives.
10.6. DfX.
PRACTICAL CONTENTS .
1. Sketching of a mechanical assembly. The sketching of a mechanical assembly by every student will be proposed. It will include power transmission elements and a high number of standard components. The preliminary process, involving the study, information gathering and analysis, will be performed by groups of three/four students.
2. Modelling of the previous assembly. The modelling of parts and assembly of the previous assignment will be carried out, using the advanced CAD software (AutoCAD, SolidWorks ou ONSHAPE) that is available at the laboratory. Every student will work on his own, but groups will be made for idea-sharing and collaborative learning.
3. Making of 2D drawings. Detail and assembly drawings will be made from the previous models of the assembly, using the CAD software available. The drawings will contain the bill of materials and all necessary specifications -dimensions, macro- and micro-geometrical tolerances, special indications- needed to guarantee optimal operation of the mechanism to which each part belongs.
4. Representations for metal-working. Solid modelling and plane developments will be performed on a metalworking element, including all the necessary dimensional specifications, using the advanced CAD software (AutoCAD, SolidWorks u ONSHAPE) that is available in the laboratory.
5. Making of a report for functionality and
exchangeability analysis.
A critical analysis will be performed on the design of exercises 1 to 4, containing an estimation of the expected operational conditions, based on the applied tolerances and their combined effect. A study showing how the tolerance costs could be reduced based on the combined effect of all the intervening ones will also be carried out. CAE analysis will be performed on a relevant part of the design. All pieces from the report will documented, applying as much graphical information from the course work as possible in order to achieve a better understanding of the document.
6. Representation of an industrial facility. Schematics of piping works and other installations. A small building of the 'industrial unit' kind, hosting a workshop or small mechanical industry, will be represented using the CAD software available, including drawings with all the necessary dimensions and the corresponding construction details of the metallic structure. The symbolic representation of the various relevant installations in the unit: energy, fluids, etc. will be also carried out.
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