Guia docente 2025_26 Facultade de Química

Analytical Chemistry II: Optical Methods of Analysis

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
SUBJECT 1. Introduction to instrumental analytical methods.	Classification of the instrumental analytical methods. Quality parameters of an instrumental method: Validation. Methods of calibration in instrumental analysis: external calibration, standard addition and internal standard. Characteristics of the calibration curves. Fitting and statistical parameters of calibration lines.
SUBJECT 2. Optical methods of analysis: generalities.	Electromagnetic spectrum. Phenomena of interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and the matter. Classification of the optical methods of analysis. Instrumental components and representative configurations of the different instruments. Signals and noise.
SUBJECT 3. UV-vis molecular absorption spectroscopy	Fundamentals of the UV-vis molecular absorption spectroscopy. Basic concepts. Lambert-Beer Law. Deviations of the Lambert-Beer law. Absorbent species. Types of instruments. Analytical methodology and applications.
SUBJECT 4. Luminescent techniques.	Fundamentals. Mechanisms of molecular deactivation. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Factors influencing the luminescence. Quenching of the fluorescence. Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence. Instrumentation. Analytical methodology and applications.
SUBJECT 5. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy.	Fundamentals. The harmonic oscillator model. Anharmonicity. Modes of molecular vibration. Examples of simple molecules. Raman spectroscopy. Polarizability. Origin of the Raman spectra (Rayleigh, Stokes e anti-Stokes lines). Instrumentation. Applications.
SUBJECT 6. Atomic absorption spectroscopy.	Fundamentals (atomic absorption, emission and fluorescence). Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Types of atomizers (flame, quartz tube and graphite furnace). Instrumentation. Applications.
SUBJECT 7. Atomic emission spectroscopy and atomic mass spectrometry.	Fundamentals of atomic emission spectroscopy. Excitation sources. Flame emission spectrometry (flame photometry). Inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Plasma generation. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Interface design. Instrumentation. Applications.