Educational guide 2023_24 Facultade de Ciencias do Mar

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
– The diversity of the marine organisms. The tree of life.	The zoological Topic coincides with Sub-topics.
– The five kingdoms. Unicellular and multicellular organisms.	idem
– The multicellular organisms: the animal kingdom.	idem
– Origin of metazoas, levels of organisation. Analogy and homology. The symmetry. Classifying animals. The biological nomenclature. Systematics. Filogeny.	idem
– Introduction to the Phyla on marine environment.	idem
– The invertebrates protostomes. Lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa.	idem
– The invertebrates deuterostomes: xenoturbellida, equinodermata and hemichordata.	idem
Introduction to the Phylum chordata. Characteristics of the subphyla urochordata and cephalochordata.	idem
The subphylum Craniata (vertebrates). Agnatha and gnathostomata.	idem
Marine condrichthyes, osteichthyes, birds and mammalia.	idem
- Vertebrates with accidental presence on marine environment: amphibia and reptilia.	idem
- Field of study of the ecology: The biological macroscopic systems: The ecology how science of synthesis; historical review. Levels of organisation; hierarchy and emergent properties. General theory of systems. System to level supra organismic. The ecosystem. The parts (diversity) and it all (energetic).	The ecological topics coincides with Sub-topics.
- The paper of the environment in the evolution of the organisms: Adaptation; concept and critical. Biological efficacy. Natural selection and genetic drift. Speciation. Convergences and parallelisms. Ecotypes and genetic polymorphisms.	idem
- Decomposition of the environment factors: conditions and resources. Limiting factors. Limits of tolerance and optimal physiological. Ecological indicators. Ecological niche. Ecological profiles.	idem
- Environmental factors: The space, Temperature, Salinity, luminous Radiation, Nutrients, Gases dissolved, others.	idem