Topic |
Sub-topic |
1. Pulp, paper and cardboard |
Requirements and sources of paper fibers. Chemical composition of wood. Behavior of cellulosic fibers |
2. Characteristics of the wood |
Effect of the morphology of the fibers on the properties of the paper. Identification of wood species |
3. The resources of the wood. |
Measurement of wood for pulp. Preparation of wood for the manufacture of cellulose. Quality control of the chips. |
4. Processes for obtaining pastas |
Mechanical, chemical, semi-chemical and dissolving pastes. Comparison of folders and applications thereof. |
5. Sulphate process |
Definition of terms and description of the kraft process. System of recovery of the chemical products. Chemistry of the kraft process and variables affecting sulfate cooking. Control Parameters. |
6. Cooking equipment |
Discontinuous and continuous digesters. Extended delineation. Biorefinerías |
7. Processing of the pulp |
Deflection, knot removal, washing, sorting of pastes, thickening, pumping, storing, mixing, drying, cutting and stacking. |
8. Recovery of cooking liquors |
Evaporation. Recovery boiler. Caustification. Calcination. Recovery of by-products. |
9. Bleaching of folders |
ECF and TCF sequences. Stages of bleaching. Circuit closure |
10. Economy and operating strategy of a pasta factory |
Basic economic considerations. Costs control |
11. Preparation of pulp for paper production |
Disintegration, refining, measurement and mixing of the composition |
12. Use of secondary fibers |
Disintegration of the paperboard and deinking |
13. Non-fibrous additives in paper manufacturing |
Non-fibrous additives applications: bonding, internal strength, wet strength resins, fillers, chemical dyes and pitch control. |
14. Paper making |
Wet and dry part |
15. Reduction of contamination |
Aqueous and atmospheric contamination in the pulp and paper industry |
P1. |
Optical microscopy Observation of hardwood fibers and conifers at different levels of refining. Observation of vessels, tracheids and parenchyma cells of different types of pastes. |
P2. |
Disintegration of pastes. Refining PFI. Schopper Grade Riegler UNE 57026, ISO 5263; UNE 57125, ISO 5264/2; UNE 57025, ISO 5267/1
Send Send Send |
P3. |
I refine on Valley stack. Formation of sheets UNE 57017, ISO 5264/1; UNE 57042, ISO 5269/1 |
P4. |
Physical characteristics of the test sheets Gramaje (UNE 57104, ISO 5360); Thickness (UNE 57004, ISO 5270); Tear index (UNE 57033, ISO 1974); Burst index (UNE 57058, ISO 2758); Resistance to air passage. Gurley Method (UNE 57065, ISO 3687) |
P5. |
Case studies Chip quality; Specific consumption of wood; Factor H and G; Solids in black liquors |