Guia docente 2023_24
Escuela de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio
Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial
 Subjects
  Fluid mechanics II and CFD
   Contents
Topic Sub-topic
CFD. General equations and transport phenomena

Topic 1: Summary of the general equations.
Integral notation
Differential notation
Conservative form.
Compact notation
Most common limit models
Most common boundary conditions
CFD. Turbulence Topic 2: Introduction to turbulence
Introduction
Kolmogorov scale
Infeasibility of direct numerical simulation
Turbulence models:
RANS models:
-Reynolds and Favre averages
-Averaged equations. Apparent Reynolds stresses. closure problem
- Boussinesq hypothesis: algebraic models, of one equation and of two equations
- Wall laws. High and low Reynolds number models
- Reynolds apparent stress transport models
LES Models: Description
CFD. Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamic Topic 3: FVM methods of numerical resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations.
Finite Volume Methods (FVM):
- Introduction
- Discretization of the computational domain
- Discretization of fluid equations
- Discretized equations in FVM
- Discretization of boundary conditions
incompressible flows. pressure equation
- Artificial compressibility methods
- Pressure-velocity couplings
- Most common numerical resolution acceleration methods

Topic 4: Introduction to the use of different software
(OpenFoam and Fluent*) for numerical simulation of fluids. Practices in computer room.

*The use of these software will be conditioned to the availability of use licenses by
of the center as well as the correct installation of the same in the assigned computer room

Applications:
- Laminar flow inside a cavity
- Flow in a stream mixing device
- Aerodynamic forces on bodies:
Flow around an obstacle. laminar flow and turbulent flow
Calculation of Kármán street after a blunt body
Incompressible flow over airfoil
Transonic flow over airfoil

-Numerical simulation exercises/projects to be resolved more independently by students.
Fluid Mechanics II. Ideal flows. Irrotational flows. Topic 1: Irrotational movements.
Irrotationality conditions
Irrotational Equations of Motion
Initial and boundary conditions
irrotational movement of liquids
superposition principle
Speed potential at great distances from an obstacle
Irrotational plane motion of liquids: Elementary solutions. Current in nooks and corners. Current around a cylinder with circulation
Two-dimensional irrotational motion of gases
Prandtl–Meyer expansion

Topic 2: Movements with surfaces of discontinuity
Equations for the jump of fluid magnitudes in a discontinuity
Normal and tangential discontinuities
normal shock waves
oblique shock waves

Application: Almost one-dimensional movement of ideal fluids: Critical area. Movement in nozzles. Loading and unloading in warehouses.
Shock waves. Relation of Hugoniot.
Fluid Mechanics II. One dimensional unsteady flow of ideal fluids Topic 3: Non-stationary one-dimensional motion of ideal fluids.
Effect of compressibility in liquids
Opening and closing of valves. water hammer

Equations of unsteady unidirectional motion in gases. simple waves
Fluid Mechanics II. Low Reynolds flows Topic 4: Movement at low Reynolds numbers

Equations. Initial and boundary conditions
Application to incompressible fluids. Movements around a cylinder and a sphere
Lubrication: Reynolds Equation of Lubrication 3D.
Applications. cylindrical bearing, gas lubrication, rectangular skid, ...
Fluid Mechanics II. Boundary layer Topic 5: Laminar boundary layer
Incompressible laminar boundary layer.
similarity solutions. Boundary layer on flat plate. Blausian solution
Compressible laminar boundary layer
Thermal boundary layer at low speeds
Fluid Mechanics II. Laboratory practicals -Aerodynamic bench test:
boundary layer measurement
- Low speed wind tunnel test
Pressure distribution on blunt body
- Pressure distribution in convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles. Shock waves. sonic blocking
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