II. HYDROGRPHY AND WATER MASSES |
II.1. TEMPERATURE
II.1.1. Surface distribution.
II.1.2. Temperature of the water column. Differences among three regions: Mixing layer, seasonal thermocline, main thermocline, deep waters.
II.1.3. Upwelling. Ekman spiral. Ekman Transport. Types of upwelling. Downwelling.
II.2. SALINITY
II.2.1. Conservative and no conservative components. Absolute and practical salinity.
II.2.2. Surface distribution and it relationship with balance precipitation + runoff - evaporation. Estuaries and estuarine circulation. Coupling estuarine circulation with upwelling and downwelling.
II.3. MASAS DE AGUA Y DIAGRAMAS TS
II.3.1. Water masses and water types. Abyssal circulation. Types of density variation in relation with water masses formation. The core method. Identification of water masses circulation.
II.3.2. Equation of state of Seawater. Isopycnals. Density vertical profiles of by latitudes: The pycnocline. Density gradient and water masses stability.
II.3.3. TS diagrams. Mixing of water types; caballing. Stability of water masses using TS diagrams.
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IV. REGIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY |
IV.1. THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN.
IV.2. THE ATLANTIC OCEAN.
IV.3. THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA.
IV.4. THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
IV.5. THE INDIAN OCEAN.
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