Subject 2. Chemical reactions |
Classification. Chemical equations. Stoichiometric calculations. Limiting reactant. Yield. |
Subject 4. Thermochemistry and the spontaneity of a chemical processes. |
Thermochemistry and the spontaneity of chemical processes. Units of energy. Transfer of energy and phase transition. Thermochemical equations. Hess´s law. Entropy and second law of thermodynamics. Gibbs energy. |
Subject 6. Water and chemistry of solutions |
Water as a solvent. How substances are solved. Temperature and solubility. Solubility equilibrium. Concept of Brönsted acid-base. Water autoionization. Ionization constants. Acid-base reactions. Hydrolysis. Buffer solutions. Redox reactions. Balance of redox reactions. |
Subject 8. Chemical kinetics |
Reaction rate. Effect of concentration. Rate lawand order of reaction. Mechanisms of reaction. Catalysis. Thermodynamic and kinetic stability. |
Subject 10. Chemical bonding |
Simple covalent bonds and Lewis structures. Multiple covalent bond. Lewis structures and resonance. Polarity of a bond and electronegativity. Coordinated covalent bonds. Ions and ionic compounds. |